Democracy under siege: Democratic solidarity between global crisis and cosmopolitan hope

Abstract

For almost half a century (between 1940 and 1990) the democratic and social state has solved the twofold problem of growth and social exclusion through social inclusion within the borders of the national state. This solution since the 1970s came under threat of multiple crises of the environment, secular stagnation, under-consumption, legitimization and constitutionalization. There might be a social solution of present crisis possible through massive redistribution plus decent basic income (on the level of tuition-costs) plus green growth. However, after globalization of capital there are no longer national social alternatives available. Therefore, there is no alternative to transnational democratic state-formation. But are there actors relevant, strong and motivated enough to do that?

Skoro polovinu veka (između 1940. i 1990.) demokratska i socijalna država je rešavala dvostruki problem rasta i socijalne ekskluzije putem socijalne inkluzije unutar granica nacionalnih država. Ovo rešenje se od 1970ih našlo pod pretnjom višestrukih kriza životne sredine, sekularne stagnacije, niske potrošnje, legitimizacije i konstitucionalizacije. možda bi postojalo društveno rešenje postojeće krize putem masovne redistribucije uz pristojan osnovni prihod (na nivou troškova školarine) i uz zeleni razvoj. međutim, nakon globalizacije kapitala više nisu dostupne nacionalne alternative. Prema tome, nema druge alternative do formiranja transnacionalne demokratske državne formacije. Ali, ima li relevantnih aktera, dovoljno snažnih i motivisanih da to izvedu?