Rat za dušu sociologije: sukob dveju vizija sociologije u kontekstu društvenih promena druge polovine xx veka

Abstract

U radu se razmatraju supstancijalne promene u sociologiji koje su nastupile šezdesetih godina prošlog veka. Primenjujući metod kontekstualne analize, ove promene u identitetu sociologa situiramo u kontekst društvenih promena druge polovine XX veka, odnosno u kontekst svetske revolucije 1968. i kulturnih ratova. Stoga su Volerstinova svetsko-sistemska perspektiva i Hartmanova istorija kulturnih ratova poslužile kao teorijski fundament za razumevanje društveno- istorijskog konteksta u kojem se odigrala metamorfoza sociološke nauke. Autor u radu iznosi tri komplementarne tvrdnje. Prva je da se šezdesetih godina prošlog veka sociologija, kao i ostatak naučne zajednice, našla zahvaćena burnim društvenim zbivanjima tog vremena. Sledeća tvrdnja je da je sociologija, za razliku od ostalih akademskih disciplina, usled ovih društvenih previranja i sâma prošla kroz dalekosežne transformativne procese. Naposletku, autor zastupa mišljenje da sukob dveju dijametralno suprotnih vizija sociologije, sukob onoga što je Fridriks nazvao „svešteničkim i proročkim modusom“, treba posmatrati kao obračun Nove levice i reakcionarnog dela Stare levice u okviru sociološke zajednice. Doprinos ovog rada ogleda se u identifikaciji, sistematizaciji i interpretaciji socioloških ratova.

The paper considers substantial changes in sociology which started in the sixties. By using the method of contextual analysis, these changes in the sociologist’s identity are situated in the context of social changes in the second half of the XX century, that is, in the context of the world revolution of 1968 and the culture wars. Therefore, Wallerstein’s world-system perspective and Hartman’s history of the culture wars served as a theoretical foundation for understanding the socio-historical context in which a metamorphosis of the sociological science took place. In the paper, the author presents three complementary contentions. The first one is that during the sixties sociology, like the rest of the scholarly community, found itself drawn into the tumultuous social events of that time. The next contention is that sociology itself, unlike other academic disciplines, has undergone far-reaching transformative processes as a consequence of these social upheavals. Lastly, the author contends that a conflict of two diametrically opposed visions of sociology, a conflict of what Friedrichs designated as “the priestly and the prophetic mode”, should be perceived as a clash of the New Left and the reactionary fraction of the Old Left within the sociological community. The main contribution of this paper is the identification, systematization and interpretation of the sociology wars.