Uticaj algoritamskog menadžmenta na prava radnika

Abstract

Informacione tehnologije iz korena su promenile način na koji živimo i radimo. Te promene posebno se manifestuju kroz delovanje digitalnih platformi koje suštinski imaju dejstvo svojevrsnog katalizatora za realizaciju različitih društvenih potreba. Danas, gotovo za svaku društvenu potrebu, postoji platforma koja spaja ponudu i potražnju za zadovoljavanjem konkretne potrebe. Izuzetak, naravno, nije ni potreba za radom. Digitalne platforme u ovoj oblasti zapravo deluju kao virtuelno tržište rada. Na takvom tržištu uparivanje subjekata koji imaju potrebu za izvršavanjem određenog rada i subjekata koji imaju potrebu za pronalaskom posla (digitalni radnik) vrši se pomoću algoritma platforme. Ovi algoritmi funkcionišu na osnovu ogromne količine različitih podataka koje platforma prikuplja od momenta registracije njenih korisnika, preko samog procesa vršenja rada posredstvom platforme, do ocenjivanja izvršenog rada, na taj način preuzimajući brojne funkcije poslodavca (algoritamski menadžment). I dok platforme funkcionisanje svojih algoritama predstavljaju u pozitivnom svetlu doprinosa koji daju automatizaciji i objektivnosti u procesu donošenja odluka, ovim istraživanjem pokazaćemo da izneta tvrdnja platformi nije do kraja tačna, jer funkcionisanje njihovog algoritma rezultira odsustvom transparentnosti i objektivnosti u procesu donošenja odluka, što rezultira nepoštovanjem brojnih prava po osnovu rada. S tim u vezi, istraživanje ima za cilj da formuliše konkretne predloge za potrebnu promenu pravnog okvira u cilju efikasne zaštite fundamentalnih ljudskih prava usled delovanja algoritamskog menadžmenta.

Information technology has fundamentally changed the way how people live and work. Digital platforms, as one of the main products of information technologies, have a special influence on almost every single aspect of social life. It is a digital, online, platform that represents a kind of virtual market that brings together several different participants who can not get in touch directly (Multi-Sided Market). The main feature of digital platforms is that the connection of participants in this virtual market is done through the platform’s algorithm. Thus, the platform acts as a catalyst for the realization of various social needs, where today, for almost every social need there is a platform that combines supply and demand to meet a specific need. The exception, of course, is not the need of work. In this area digital platforms actually act as a virtual labor market. In such a market, the pairing of participants that have a need to perform a particular job and participants that have a need to find a job (digital workers) is done through a platform’s algorithm. These algorithms work on the basis of a huge amount of different data that the platform collects from the moment of registration of its users, through the process of performing work through the platform, to evaluating the work done, thus taking over many employer functions (algorithmic management). While platforms present the operation of their algorithms in a positive light of their contribution to automation and objectivity in the decision-making process, this research will show that the platform’s claim is not entirely accurate, as the operation of their algorithm results in a lack of transparency and objectivity in decision-making. In this regard, the research aims to formulate concrete proposals for the necessary change in the legal framework in order to effectively protect fundamental human rights on work due to the actions of algorithmic management.