@article{
author = "Knežević, Romilo Aleksandar",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Contemporary European democracies, and liberalism in particular, are
established upon the foundations of humanism. Humanism, as its name
entails, denotes the elevation of the human being and setting up of the
person to the centre of the universe. Humanism was a reaction against
the mediaeval view of the omnipotent and omniscient God, and seeks
an understanding of the human being that would fulfil his/her intuitive
desire for genuine human dignity. What kind of freedom would be sufficient
and adequate for true human dignity? Faced with this radical understanding
of freedom, which originates from, and is dictated by, the deepest realms
of the human being, most humanist thinkers chose to reject both God
and the idea of the divine icon. Humanism denied man’s divine sonship
and proclaimed that man is the son of nature. Hence, Humanism not only
declared man’s self-confidence, but it also debased him, by defining him
as a product of natural necessity. Liberalism, argues the Russian philosopher
Berdyaev, has created a ‘single-plane’ being, it has separated the citizen
from the integral personality, by refusing to admit the spiritual dimension
of the human being. Berdyaev stresses that true freedom cannot be
simply a formal self-defence, but that it must rather lead to creative
activity. This is why the transition is inevitable from formal liberty, which
protects us and defends us, to true freedom capable not only of creatively
transforming the human society but also of creating a new world., Savremene evropske demokratije, a posebno učenje liberalizma, počivaju na načelima evropskog humanizma. Humanizam se javlja kao reakcija na srednjevekovno učenje o božanskoj
svemoći koja je u suprotnosti sa dostojanstvom ljudskog bića kao ikone Božije. Posledica
reakcije je da se sada ljudsko biće postavlja u središte Univerzuma. U potpunosti se odbacuje metafizička dimenzija ljudskog bića koje sada postaje sin prirode a time i nužnosti. Humanizam pokušava da stvori novi pojam ljudskog dostojanstva, ali dok uzdiže ljudsko biće
istovremeno ga i unižava budući da je rob prirodnih nužnosti. Po ruskom religioznom filozofu
Nikolaju Berđajevu, istinsko dostojanstvo dolazi od istinite slobode koje se ne sastoji samo
u moći da se preobrazi društvo već i da se stvori novi svet.",
publisher = "Beograd : Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju",
journal = "Filozofija i društvo/Philosophy and Society",
title = "Social Freedom and Dignity of the Human Person According to Nikolai Berdyaev, Društvena sloboda i dostojanstvo ljudske ličnosti po Nikolaju Berđajevu",
number = "4",
volume = "34",
pages = "670-680",
doi = "10.2298/FID2304670K"
}
